HCIE2.0-CloudSA 存储数据迁移实验

传统 IT 架构中,通常使用专用的存储服务器存储核心数据,此类存储可靠性高,但同时价格昂贵,因此在安全性和可靠性要求不高的场景中,或者是一些小企业,也会用到 FTP 服务器来存储数据,同时 FTP 也能共享数据,协同协作。针对 FTP 类的存储数据迁移上云,也是经常会面对的场景,使用云上 OBS 可以很好的满足或者替换 FTP 存储需求,本实验就是将 FTP数据迁移到华为云 OBS 服务里。

关于本实验

本实验通过在华为云 ECS 上搭建 FTP 服务器模拟线下场景,通过华为云数据迁移服务 CDM将数据迁移到华为云 OBS 里,实验存储数据的快速、安全、高效的迁移,同时通过周期性迁移配置将增量数据迁移到 OBS 桶里。

安装FTP

通过下面的命令安装: 
yum install -y vsftpd 

设置 FTP 服务开机自启动。
systemctl enable vsftpd.service

在 ECS 上启动 FTP 服务。
systemctl start vsftpd.service 

查看 FTP 服务端口。
netstat -nltp|grep vsftpd

在 ECS-FTP 主机操作,目的是创建能够登录 ftp 服务器的本地用户,并设置密码:

useradd ftpadmin 
passwd ftpadmin 
根据提示设置密码,可设置为 Huawei@1234。

创建供 FTP 使用的文件目录

mkdir /var/ftp/work01 
chown -R ftpadmin:ftpadmin /var/ftp/work01

 

修改“vsftpd.conf”配置文件。

vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#设置以下参数,不允许匿名登录 FTP 服务器,允许本地用户登录 FTP 服务器,并指定 FTP 本地用户使用的文件目录。
anonvmous enable=No #不允许匿名登录 FTP 服务器 
local_enable=YES #允许本地用户登录 FTP 服务器 
local_root=/var/ftp/work01 #FTP 本地用户使用的文件目录 

#设置以下参数,限制用户只能访问自身的主目录。
chroot_local user=yes #所有用户都被限制在其主目录 
chroot_list enable=Yes #启用例外用户名单 
chroot_list file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot list#例外用户名单 
allow writeable chroot=YES

#设置以下参数,配置 FTP 支持被动模式。并指定FTP 服务器的公网IP 地址,以及可供访问的端口范围,端口范围请根据实际环境进行设置。 
listen=YES
listen_ipv6=NO
pasv_address=xx.xx.xx.xx #FTP 服务器的公网IP 地址 
pasv_min_port=3000 #被动模式下的最小端口 
pasv_max_port=3100 #被动模式下的最大端口

可根据实际需求选择将 FTP 配置为主动模式或者被动模式。如果华为云上的服务器需要通过
公网 IP 地址访问华为云上的实例搭建的 FTP 服务器时,需要将 FTP 服务器配置为被动模式。(本实验配置为被动模式)
#设置以下参数,不允许匿名登录 FTP 服务器,允许本地用户登录 FTP 服务器,并指定 FTP 本地用户使用的文件目录。

按照上述参数配置,配置时请注意原本 vsftpd.conf 文件内容,有部分参数已经配置,核对后再添加,修改前可通过 cp vsftpd.conf vsftpd.conf.bak 命令备份配置文件。
修改完成后按 Esc 键退出编辑模式,并输入:wq 保存后退出。

配置完成后完整的配置文件如下(供参考):

PS:不能有空格,否则重启失败

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
#设置以下参数,不允许匿名登录 FTP 服务器,允许本地用户登录 FTP 服务器,并指定 FTP 本地用户使用的文件目录。
anonymous_enable=NO
#不允许匿名登录 FTP 服务器
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dir
local_enable=YES
#所有用户都被限制在其主目录
local_root=/var/ftp/work01
#FTP 本地用户使用的文件目录 

#设置以下参数,限制用户只能访问自身的主目录。
chroot_local_user=YES
#所有用户都被限制在其主目录
chroot_list_enable=YES
#启用例外用户名单
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
#例外用户名单
allow_writeable_chroot=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_access
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode. The vsftpd.conf(5) man page explains
# the behaviour when these options are disabled.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
#chroot_local_user=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
#设置以下参数,配置 FTP 支持被动模式。并指定 FTP 服务器的公网 IP 地址,以及可供访问的端口范围,端口范围请根据实际环境进行设置。 
listen=YES
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
listen_ipv6=NO
pasv_address=124.71.217.4
#FTP 服务器的公网 IP 地址 
pasv_min_port=3000
#被动模式下的最小端口 
pasv_max_port=3100
#被动模式下的最大端口

pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES
tcp_wrappers=YES

 

 

在“/etc/vsftpd/”目录下创建“chroot_list”文件。

touch chroot_list 

注:“chroot_list”文件是限制在主目录下的例外用户名单。如果需要设置某个用户不受只可以访问其主目录的限制,可将对应的用户名写入该文件。如果没有例外也必须要有 “chroot_list”文件,内容可为空。

重启 vsftpd 服务使配置生效。

systemctl restart vsftpd.service